① by表示時(shí)間時(shí)意為“截止到(過(guò)去或?qū)?lái))某一時(shí)刻為止,在此以前”。
By the end of last month she had studied here for three years. 到上月末,她在這里學(xué)習(xí)已滿三年了。
You should return the book by Thursday. 你應(yīng)在星期四以前還這本書(shū)。
② to常用于from…to中表示時(shí)間,也可用于計(jì)算時(shí)間。
I usually do some reading from eight to eleven in the evening. 我通常晚上八點(diǎn)到十一點(diǎn)讀點(diǎn)東西。
He will stay here to the end of the month. 他將在這里待到月底。
They used to work from morning to night. 他們以前從早干到晚。(=from morning till night,from dawn till dark)
③ until/till意為“直到”,指執(zhí)行的某事一直延續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻末停止。
You may stay here until/till next month. 你可以在這里待到下個(gè)月。
I waited for her until/till ten o'clock in the evening. 我等她一直到晚上10點(diǎn)。
Your passport will remain in operation until/till October. 你的護(hù)照在10月前有效。