一起聽英語 193 全球交通擁擠

假設(shè)一種情況，如果地球上的每個人都擁有一輛車，那么我們的交通狀況會是怎樣?即使現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)人手一輛車，但交通擁堵的情況依舊存在.....

Rob: Hello, I'm Rob, welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm joined today by Jennifer.

Jennifer: Hi there, Rob.

Rob: Thanks for joining me. Now, this year the BBC is looking into the future, in key areas

of science, politics, education and our personal life in a series called 'What If…'. One

of the questions it's asking is 'What if everyone had a car?' and that's what we're

discussing today and we'll be looking at some of the language associated with driving

and traffic.

Jennifer: Well, living in London, I know all about traffic, especially traffic jams – that's where

too many cars, lorries and buses get stuck in long queues on the road.

Rob: Yes, they are stuck together, just like jam! And it's a big problem in cities around

the world. It could be the situation that one day, all the traffic becomes one long

queue and we have a global traffic jam! Today, we will be hearing about some

possible solutions that may prevent this problem from happening. But first, I think

it's only fair that we begin today's journey with a question.

Jennifer: And this question is for me I suppose?!

Rob: It is. On the subject of traffic jams, your question today is this. In 2010, one of the

world's longest jams occurred in Beijing in China. Do you know how long it was? Was

it:

a) 50 kilometres

b) 100 kilometres

c) 200 kilometres

Jennifer: They're all very long but I think I will go for a) 50 kilometres.

Rob: OK, well let's find out if you are right at the end of the programme. So we're

discussing the question, what if everyone had a car? It's quite a worrying thought

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because already there are a billion cars in the world. And it is estimated – or

predicted – that by 2050 there will be 4 billion cars.

Jennifer: That really would cause some serious gridlock – that means roads in towns and

cities are so blocked that traffic is unable to move.

Rob: It's like that now in some developing countries where there has been a huge increase

in car ownership; as people become wealthier, they want to own a car. But in one

Indian city for example, that's a big problem, as we can hear now from the BBC's

Theo Leggett. What word does he use to describe the chaotic mix of different types

of vehicles?

Theo Leggett, BBC correspondent:

This is Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, a fast growing city and a potent symbol of India's

recent economic success. But it has a problem or to be more precise it has 1.8 million problems.

That's how many motor vehicles there are here, a maelstrom of cars, lorries, auto rickshaws and

motorbikes, all crammed into roads that can't cope with this much traffic.

Rob: That's Theo Leggett in Mumbai – a city which he describes as a potent symbol – a

powerful symbol – of India's economic success. But that success has come at a price

– in other words, there is a negative side to the story.

Jennifer: Yes – the traffic, which he describes as a maelstrom – so a confusing, chaotic mix

of vehicles which are crammed – bumper to bumper, so squeezed closely together

in the city's streets.

Rob: So when the commuters start their journeys - or get behind the wheel - in the

morning rush-hour – the busiest time of day – they could spend hours just trying to

make a relatively short journey to work.

Jennifer: Well I think it would be quicker to walk! That's certainly a good option in London,

where research has found that traffic is slower now than it was 100 years ago.

Rob: So is this the end of the road for cars?

Jennifer: You mean will we stop using them? I think not. And Bjorn Lomborg, Director of

Copenhagen Consensus Centre, agrees. Even with good public transport – that's bus

and train services – he says we love our cars. What does he think the solution is?

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Bjorn Lomborg, Director of Copenhagen Consensus Centre:

The solution is not, as many would like it to be, to cut back on cars because people want cars, the

solution will have to be technological to find smart ways of getting less polluting cars and cars that

can pack much tighter and get much more efficiently around town.

Rob: Right – so the solution is technological. Better technology to make cars less gasguzzling,

so using less fuel, which causes less pollution and they need to be smaller

too.

Jennifer: Yes, one company is already designing an M.I.T. City car which actually folds.

Another is designing a thinner car with two wheels – like a motorbike but more

stable.

Rob: And I've heard about self-driving robot cars that can save space on the road by

driving closer to the car in front. All very clever ideas. But there is one thing you

can't change – and that's the driver! And come on, Jen, who's the worst – men or

women drivers?

Jennifer: It's definitely men! Women drivers are very safe at all time in my experience.

Rob: I thought you'd say that! There's one thing you can't change – your answer to

today's question. Earlier, I asked you, in 2010, one of the World's longest jams

occurred in Beijing in China. Do you know how long it was?

a) 50 kilometres

b) 100 kilometres

c) 200 kilometres

Jennifer: And I guessed a) 50 kilometres.

Rob: And, I'm afraid you were wrong – a bit too short. This traffic jam was 100 km long. It

happened on the Beijing to Tibet Expressway and lasted 12 days! I wouldn't like to

have been stuck in that. OK Jennifer, before we go, could you remind us of some of

the words we learned today?

Jennifer: Yes. We heard:

traffic jams

gridlock

a maelstrom

bumper to bumper

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get the behind the wheel

the end of the road

gas-guzzling

Rob: Thanks Jennifer. Well, that's it for today.

Both: Bye.