職場成功的關(guān)鍵并不僅僅是擁有高科技技能

For all the jobs that machines can now do — whetherperforming surgery, driving cars or serving food — they still lack one distinctly human trait. They haveno social skills.

盡管機(jī)器現(xiàn)在可以從事各種工作，如手術(shù)、駕車、上菜，但無疑它們還缺少一個獨特的人類特征，那就是社交技巧。

Yet skills like cooperation, empathy and flexibilityhave become increasingly vital in modern-day work. Occupations that require strong social skills havegrown much more than others since 1980, accordingto new research. And the only occupations that haveshown consistent wage growth since 2000 require both cognitive and social skills.

然而，合作、同理心和靈活性等能力，在現(xiàn)代工作環(huán)境里已變得越來越重要。新的研究顯示，1980年以來，需要很強社交能力的職位大幅增加，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了其他職位。而且自2000年來，僅有的一些工資有持續(xù)增長的職業(yè)種類，都要求良好的認(rèn)知和社交能力。

The findings help explain a mystery that has been puzzling economists: the slowdown in thegrowth even of high-skill jobs. The jobs hit hardest seem to be those that don't require socialskills, throughout the wage spectrum.

這些研究結(jié)果有助于讓經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家揭開一個一直讓他們很困惑的謎題：為什么盡管是高技能職位，也會有工資增長緩慢的情況。從各個工資水平來看，工資最難增長的職業(yè)都是不需要社交能力的。

"As I'm speaking with you, I need to think about what's going on in your head — ‘Is she bored? Am I giving her too much information?' — and I have to adjust my behavior all the time," saidDavid Deming, associate professor of education and economics at Harvard University andauthor of a new study. "That's a really hard thing to program, so it's growing as a share ofjobs."

"我們對話時，我要想著你頭腦里是怎么想的──‘她是覺得無聊嗎?我說的信息太多了嗎?'──所以我還要隨時調(diào)整自己的行為，"哈佛大學(xué)教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)副教授、一項新研究的作者戴維·戴明說。"這真的很難通過編程辦到，所以社交技巧在工作中越來越重要了。"

Some economists and technologists see this trend as cause for optimism: Even as technologyeliminates some jobs, it generally creates others. Yet to prepare students for the change in theway we work, the skills that schools teach may need to change. Social skills are rarelyemphasized in traditional education.

一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和科技專家以樂觀的態(tài)度看待這個趨勢：盡管科技會淘汰某些職位，但一般還會創(chuàng)造其他的。為了讓學(xué)生對現(xiàn)在的工作情況做好準(zhǔn)備，學(xué)校所教的技能也應(yīng)該改變。傳統(tǒng)教育模式很少會注重社交技巧。

Despite the emphasis on teaching computer science, learning math and science is not enough. Jobs that involve those skills but not social skills, like those held by bookkeepers, bank tellersand certain types of engineers, have performed worst in employment growth in recent years forall but the highest-paying jobs. In the tech industry, for instance, it's the jobs that combinetechnical and interpersonal skills that are booming, like being a computer scientist working ona group project.

盡管如今強調(diào)計算機(jī)科學(xué)的教育，但只學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)是不夠的。涉及這些技能但不涉及社交技巧的工作，像會計、銀行柜員和某些類別的工程師，近年來的就業(yè)增長是最低的，這些領(lǐng)域中薪酬最高的崗位除外。舉例來說，在科技產(chǎn)業(yè)里，技術(shù)和社交技能相結(jié)合的工作崗位數(shù)量激增，如在小組項目里工作的計算機(jī)科學(xué)家。

le chance it can be automated, and if it's justbeing empathetic or flexible, there's an infinite supply of people, so a job won't be wellpaid," said David Autor, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "It's theinteraction of both that is virtuous."

"如果只是技術(shù)性技能，就有理由認(rèn)為它可能會被自動化。而如果只要求有同理心和靈活性，社會也有無限的人力供應(yīng)，所以這種工作的工資也不會高，"麻省理工學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家戴維·奧托爾說。"只有結(jié)合兩者的職業(yè)才最好。"

Someday, nearly all work could be automated, leaving humans to revel in never-ending leisuretime. But in the meantime, this research argues, students should be prepared for the actualworld of work. Maybe high schools and colleges should evaluate students the way preschools do — whether they "play well with others."

總有一天，差不多所有工作都可以自動化完成，人類將享有無窮無盡的閑暇時間。但是目前，這份研究的論點是，學(xué)生應(yīng)該為現(xiàn)實的職場做好準(zhǔn)備?；蛟S，高中和大學(xué)應(yīng)該用幼兒園的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評估學(xué)生——那就是他們能否和別人"玩到一起"。